abstract：:Isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from patients in a Sudanese village exhibiting RI resistance to chloroquine have been typed for allelic variants of 2 merozoite surface antigens, MSP1 and MSP2. Blood forms were taken from each patient before chloroquine was administered, and after parasites had reappeared following t...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Babiker H,Ranford-Cartwright L,Sultan A,Satti G,Walliker D

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lack of a convenient diagnostic method for onchocerciasis has motivated attempts to develop better detection techniques. Preliminary results indicate that a dot blot assay of the total immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to an easily available and simply prepared Tris buffer soluble fraction (TSF) of whole female worm...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Lavebratt C,Dalhammar G,Adamafio NA,Nykänen-Dejerud U,Mingarini K,Ingemarsson K,Opoku N,Akuffo HO

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The severity and consequences of human Trichuris infection vary widely. This may reflect differences in immune response. T. muris is a natural parasite of mice which provides a close, well defined, easily manipulated model for otherwise uninvestigatable aspects of this response. Normal mice reject the parasite in 3 we...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Jenkins D,Wakelin D

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The efficacy of low dose chloroquine, characteristic pattern of relapse and the relapse rate in vivax malaria after high dose primaquine were investigated in 167 Thai patients. 87 patients were allocated at random to receive 300 mg, and 80 received 450 mg of chloroquine on the first day of admission. All patients in b...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Bunnag D,Karbwang J,Thanavibul A,Chittamas S,Ratanapongse Y,Chalermrut K,Bangchang KN,Harinasuta T

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Active community and self-reporting surveillance techniques have been used to describe the dynamics of febrile illness and associated malaria infection in children aged 2 to 15 years from a rural area of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea (PNG). Both history of fever and fever in association with parasitaemia appeared ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Cox MJ,Kum DE,Tavul L,Narara A,Raiko A,Baisor M,Alpers MP,Medley GF,Day KP

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leishmanial antigen in circulating immune complexes (CIC) from sera of cotton-rats experimentally infected with Leishmania donovani and visceral leishmaniasis patients (VLP) was detected using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PEG-ELISA). The immune complexes were precipitated in the cold ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Azazy AA,Devaney E,Chance ML

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-one Entamoeba histolytica isolates from a range of geographical locations and representing 3 different zymodemes were tested under xenic anaerobic conditions for their sensitivities to bacitracin and bactracin zinc. Isolates were over 13 times more sensitive to bacitracin zinc than to bacitracin. Our results in...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Andrews BJ,Bjorvatn B

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We performed a survey for taeniasis and cysticercosis among persons living in a Mexican village where Taenia solium infection in pigs was known to be enzootic. A standardized questionnaire was administered in all 577 households to obtain medical histories and information on demographic and environmental factors and on...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Sarti E,Schantz PM,Plancarte A,Wilson M,Gutierrez OI,Aguilera J,Roberts J,Flisser A

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reviews the application of epidemiological understanding of diarrhoeal disease to interventions in water and sanitation. Over the past 20 years, great efforts have been made to elucidate the relationships between water supply, sanitation and diarrhoeal disease. At the outset, it was hoped that improved unde...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Kolsky PJ

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eighty-seven Egyptians with Schistosoma haematobium infection (current or past) and chronic dysuria seen at the Theodor Bilharz Research Institute outpatient urology clinic in Imbaba, Cairo, Egypt were investigated for Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Direct fluorescent antibody tests (DFAT) showed 30 urethral swabs (...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Haberberger RL Jr,Mokhtar S,Badawy H,Abu-Elyazeed R

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our laboratory is characterizing Leishmania stabilates and isolates from active leishmaniasis cases. Smears and cultures from aspirates made on different dates from a single lesion on the bridge of the nose of an 18 years old Kenyan male from Nyandarua District contained Leishmania. The isolates, NLB-271 and NLB-271-I...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Mebrahtu YB,Van Eys G,Guizani I,Lawyer PG,Pamba H,Koech D,Roberts C,Perkins PV,Were JB,Hendricks LD

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neither high theoretical efficacy of disease control tools, nor diagnostic accuracy, nor good compliance, nor adequate coverage can lead on its own to the final goal of community effectiveness. There is a complex relationship between these factors. The different steps in the process leading to effective health care in...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Tanner M,Lengeler C,Lorenz N

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mefloquine is an antimalarial drug with a 3-week elimination half-life, which has led to concerns that toxic accumulation may occur during weekly administration for long-term malaria chemoprophylaxis. Despite the endorsement of weekly mefloquine by the World Health Organization and the United States Centers for Diseas...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Pennie RA,Koren G,Crevoisier C

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In The Gambia, insecticide impregnation of bed nets, used alone or combined with Maloprim, reduced morbidity and mortality from malaria amongst children between one and 4 years of age. Taking expenditure of both time and money by public authorities and village volunteers into account, the costs and cost-effectiveness ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Picard J,Aikins M,Alonso PL,Armstrong Schellenberg JR,Greenwood BM,Mills A

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the mucosal immune response against Cryptosporidium has been suggested by studies on the therapeutic effects of hyperimmune colostrum. In order to study the intestinal response to this infection, we have developed a sandwich-type time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for the determination of anti-Cryptosp...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Kapel N,Meillet D,Buraud M,Favennec L,Magne D,Gobert JG

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The direct agglutination test (DAT) has been assessed as a diagnostic procedure for visceral leishmaniasis. Fifty-six of 58 sera (96.5%) from confirmed cases of visceral leishmaniasis, whose bone marrow aspirates contained Leishmania donovani amastigotes, had agglutinating antibodies above the cut-off titre of 1:800. ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Singla N,Singh GS,Sundar S,Vinayak VK

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the results of a short study of the epidemiology of Leishmania tropica in the Sheikh Maksoud District of Aleppo, Syria. The present and past status of infection in a community of about 100,000 people are assessed from prevalence and incidence data obtained by active and passive case detection, and from a ski...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Ashford RW,Rioux JA,Jalouk L,Khiami A,Dye C

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Young African children with severe malaria are given quinine using a regimen designed for Thai adults. We measured quinine in the blood, plasma and plasma water of young children in Kenya after rapid intravenous and intramuscular dosing, and calculated the therapeutic range of unbound quinine. The peak plasma quinine ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Winstanley P,Newton C,Watkins W,Mberu E,Ward S,Warn P,Mwangi I,Waruiru C,Pasvol G,Warrell D

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) allows sensitive detection of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G against a soluble extract of Strongyloides stercoralis infective larvae. In this study, 40/40 (100%) human strongyloidiasis sera had high levels of anti-S. stercoralis IgG, but 30/40 (75%) filariasis sera, and ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Conway DJ,Atkins NS,Lillywhite JE,Bailey JW,Robinson RD,Lindo JF,Bundy DA,Bianco AE

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following the successful eradication of Brucella abortus infection in cattle, human brucellosis in England and Wales has become an uncommon imported disease. Culture of the organism presents a major laboratory hazard, and difficulties in identification may occur using a biochemical test-strip method. An overview of re...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Luzzi GA,Brindle R,Sockett PN,Solera J,Klenerman P,Warrell DA

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A progressive spastic myelopathy is one of the principal manifestations of the human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1. Recent research is reviewed on the geography and epidemiology of this specific form of tropical spastic paraparesis. First recognized in the Caribbean, Colombia and Japan, it is now also confirmed as ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Montgomery RD

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infections with Mansonella perstans are common in certain parts of Africa and South America. There is no standard treatment at present. We evaluated the effect of a single high dose of ivermectin (600 micrograms/kg) on microfilaraemia in 7 consecutive patients. No decrease in microfilarial counts could be demonstrated...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Van den Enden E,Van Gompel A,Van der Stuyft P,Vervoort T,Van den Ende J

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the successful treatment of envenoming by the Gaboon viper (Bitis gabonica) and include results of in vitro investigations of the haemostatic properties of the whole venom. The patient was admitted to casualty soon after the bite with chest tightness, dizziness, nausea and swelling at the site of the bite an...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： McNally T,Conway GS,Jackson L,Theakston RD,Marsh NA,Warrell DA,Young L,Mackie IJ,Machin SJ

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thirty-eight patients with beri-beri (13 dry, 14 wet and 11 mixed type) were seen at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia, in 1990-1991, with a peak in September-October (25 cases) during the latter half of the rainy season. They were all non-confined residents of urban areas. Overt risk factors were pregna...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Rolfe M,Walker RW,Samba KN,Cham K

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Between July 1989 and December 1990, 4504 new adult patients with tuberculosis were screened for antibodies to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) 1 and 2 in Abidjan's 2 tuberculosis treatment centres. The prevalence levels of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections were 30.2% and 4.2% respectively, a further 9.3% of patients rea...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Gnaore E,Sassan-Morokro M,Kassim S,Ackah A,Yesso G,Adjorlolo G,Digbeu H,Coulibaly D,Coulibaly IM,Doorly R

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have studied the distribution of rheumatoid factor isotypes amongst patients with loiasis with and without accompanying glomerulonephritis to determine the possible role of rheumatoid factor antiglobulins in this disease. Our findings indicate an increase in both immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM rheumatoid factor isot...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Adebajo AO,Akinsola A,Maizels RM,Cawston TE,Hazleman BL

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A recently described simple kit for isolating African trypanosomes in vitro (KIVI) was tested further with blood samples from man and other animals in Côte d'Ivoire and République du Congo. A high rate of success was achieved, with positive cultures being found 5-36 d after inoculation. The method was also of value in...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Truc P,Aerts D,McNamara JJ,Claes Y,Allingham R,Le Ray D,Godfrey DG

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin of illness and pathology in malaria is now largely attributed to high levels of circulating tumour necrosis factor (TNF), released from cells of macrophage lineage after triggering by the products of malarial schizogony. The role of lymphocytes and their products in malarial pathology is not yet known. This...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Clark IA,Gray KM,Rockett EJ,Cowden WB,Rockett KA,Ferrante A,Aggarwal BB

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of prior injections on the pattern and severity of paralytic poliomyelitis has been examined by a retrospective analysis of case notes from an outpatient pediatric clinic in South India. Of 262 children with acute polio, 176 had received unnecessary injections < 48 h before paralysis and 12 had received dip...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Wyatt HV,Mahadevan S,Srinivasan S

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new microplate assay for the determination of activity in vitro against Giardia intestinalis has been developed in which viability is measured by soluble formazan production from a tetrazolium reagent. Metabolic reduction of the latter gives rise to a coloured product which may be determined directly by optical dens...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Wright CW,Melwani SI,Phillipson JD,Warhurst DC

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Study of the effects of malaria chemoprophylaxis given during pregnancy on birthweight and investigation of the influence of birthweight on child survival suggest that, in a rural area of The Gambia, chemoprophylaxis given during pregnancy might reduce infant mortality by about one-fifth in the children of primigravid...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Greenwood AM,Armstrong JR,Byass P,Snow RW,Greenwood BM

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1991, a study on Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) and infection rates was carried out in the human and mosquito populations of a Polynesian village where, 10 years before, the mf prevalence rate was 6.4% and twice-yearly mass treatment with 3 mg/kg of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was interrupted. Venous blood sa...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Cartel JL,Nguyen NL,Spiegel A,Moulia-Pelat JP,Plichart R,Martin PM,Manuellan AB,Lardeux F

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transient rises in parasitaemia occur commonly during the treatment of falciparum malaria but their prognostic significance has not been well defined. Twelve-hourly parasite counts from 133 malaria patients who were ultimately cured were therefore compared with counts from 97 therapeutic failures to determine if incre...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Watt G,Shanks GD,Phintuyothin P

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retrospective and prospective serological surveys to determine the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus (ADV) infections in children with respiratory diseases were carried out from 1985 to 1988 at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. 306 sera from subjects between 3 months and 12...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Olaleye OD,Olawuyi AO,Baba SS

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A possible association between nutritional status and Schistosoma mansoni infection or morbidity was investigated by comparing anthropometric indices among 362 children from 3 primary schools in Machakos District, Kenya. Matithini was a prosperous school in an area (Kangundo) of moderate intensity of schistosome infec...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Corbett EL,Butterworth AE,Fulford AJ,Ouma JH,Sturrock RF

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A serological study was undertaken to determine the role of arboviruses as etiological agents of encephalitis in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Paired sera were collected during mosquito seasons in 1988-1990 from 614 patients with possible viral encephalitis in 15 regions of PRC and tested for haemagglutination...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Gu HX,Artsob H,Lin YZ,Wang DM,Zhao BY,Long QZ

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An outbreak of typhoid due to multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi is reported from Pondicherry, India. While the average prevalence of drug resistant strains in 1980-1988 had been 11.7%, it increased to 52% in 1989-1990. The majority of strains (80.8%) were resistant to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline an...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Rao RS,Amarnath SK,Sujatha S

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By microinjection of cryopreserved microfilariae (mf) into nulliparous flies, a comparison of the lengths of the infective larvae (L3) of Onchocerca volvulus and O. ochengi from the head of Simulium damnosum s.l. (presumed S. sirbanum) has been made. The suitability of S. sirbanum as a host was similar for both Onchoc...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： McCall PJ,Townson H,Trees AJ

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Defaecation timing of the Triatominae vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi directly affects the transmission probability of Chagas disease to mammal hosts. Experimental studies with fifth instar nymphs of Triatoma infestans showed that defaecation time was negatively affected by blood meal size and positively affected by star...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Trumper EV,Gorla DE

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The results of an autopsy study of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in 181 accident subjects in northeast Thailand are presented. The age-prevalence profiles were similar whether determined by faecal examination for parasite eggs or by recovery of worms from the liver. The prevalence increased rapidly with age and rea...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Sithithaworn P,Tesana S,Pipitgool V,Kaewkes S,Thaiklar K,Pairojkul C,Sripa B,Paupairoj A,Sanpitak P,Aranyanat C

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00